The Effect of Technology on the Intelligence of Our Younger Generation Essay

The Effect of Technology on the Intelligence of Our Younger Generation - Essay Example Though Bauerlein and Bowman feel that technology is decreasing certain parts of intelligence, they feel that overall intelligence is not being as brutally mutilated as we tend to think, while Thompson reveals a positive aspect to younger people spending so much of their time implementing technology in their lives. In Bauerlein’s article, he points out that since most socialization is done via text messages, discussion boards, Twitter and Facebook, the current generation is unskilled in the act of reading or properly utilizing body language. Communication has become nothing more than the sharing of the written word; there is no tone of voice, pauses, posture, gesture, eye movements, or shifts in personal space. For those who were not drawn into technology are fluent in the Silent Language, but those with their noses stuck in their cell phones or laptops are unable to read the behavior of these people. Since technology keeps people physically away from one another, there is no need to learn such skills, yet this had made our current generation socially awkward. Bowman makes the case known that deep reading has become a dying art with the increasing use of the Internet. Prior to the Internet’s popularity, research for school assignments was done via books from the library. Students would have no choice but to thoroughly read the texts to gain an understanding of a topic. Nowadays, the younger generation â€Å"power browses,† which involves skimming a few lines of text on the Internet until they find a fact or idea that they can use for their assignment. Instead of reading for knowledge formation, this generation seeks only to retrieve information; the material goes from the Internet straight to the homework assignment, not making even a pitstop in the mind of the student. On the other hand, Thompson’s view of technology is surprisingly optimistic. No matter how much the older generation complains about a lack of literacy in this current generation, a study undergone by Stanford University Professor Andrea Lunsford reveals that  writing is being revived and enhanced by our technologically thriving generation.  

Biography of Plato Essay Example for Free

Biography of Plato Essay Plato was a Greek philosopher, mathematician, rhetorician, writer, founder of Academy, and even a double Olympic champion. He was born in 427 BCE in family of wealthy and influential Athenian parents: Ariston and Perictione. Platos real name was Aristocles. For his athletic figure his wrestling coach called him Plato, which means â€Å"broad†. As Plato was from a wealthy family, he got the best teachers of that time, who taught him music, grammar and athletics. At the age of 20 years old, Plato meets Socrates, who became his teacher, mentor and closest person. Eight years with Socrates influenced Platos life path. After Socrates died, Plato travels to Egypt, Italy, Sicily and Cyrene. Then he came back and opened his famous philosophical Academy. The Academy was an institution of higher education. Such philosophers as Aristotle, Heraclitus, Crates and Xenocrates attended Platos Academy. Plato’s writings are dialogues and letters to his teacher Socrates, which talks about a variety of different topics, ranging from philosophy to ethic, from mathematics to rhetoric. In these dialogs Plato used Socrates as a fictional person. His early dialogues are typically devoted to investigation of a single issue, where results are rarely achieved. The middle age dialogs developed, expressed, and defended Platos conclusions about central philosophical issues. And his later writings often modify or abandon the structure of a dialogue, they were critical examinations of the theory of forms, discussions of the problem of knowledge and cosmological speculations. Platos most famous works are: The Apology of Socrates, The Symposium and The Republic. Plato started the very first University in Europe – The Academy in 387 BC in Athens. Though the Academic was not open for the public, it did not charge fees for education there. Therefore no formal teachers or students, but there was unspoken distinction between teachers and students. One of the most famous Platos student, who also attended Academy for more than 20 years was Aristotle. There are evidences of lectures given in the Academy, such as Platos lecture On the Good and The use of dialectic. Academy continued on for nearly 1000 years until it was closed by emperor Justinian, because it was believed not to follow the Christian religion. Plato died on the day of his birthday at 347 BC. It is unknowing how he died, there are multiple versions from committing suicide to according to The American Scholar, Plato died in his bed, whilst a young girl played the flute to him. Plato moves his finger to indicate the beat and rhythm to get the right measure for her. When the girl gets the right measure, Plato died listening to the correct measure. References: Schall, James V. , â€Å"On the Death of Plato. † The American Scholar 65 (1996): 401-15. Print. Kemerling, Garth. â€Å"Plato. † Philosophy pages. Web. 9 Aug. 2006 Kraut, Richard, Plato, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2011 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed. ), .

The Orthodontic Tooth Movement Health And Social Care Essay

The Orthodontic Tooth Movement Health And Social Care Essay Orthodontics tooth movement is achieved by delivering a constant controlled force to the teeth. The duration of the force applied is the key factor for successful tooth movement rather than the force magnitude. The aim of the orthodontics treatment is to achieve good occlusion with minimal side effects. Several factors should be considered during the orthodontic treatment such as force type, force magnitude and the duration of treatment to avoid the undesirable effect. Proffit have defined the orthodontic tooth movement as a biological response due to the changes in the physiological equilibrium of the dentofacial complex when an external force is applied. Theories of orthodontic tooth movement Teeth are positioned in harmony with the oral environment to maintain their position. The applied forces will cause histological changes during teeth movement. These forces will cause bone resorption on the pressure side and deposition on the tension side, most importantly that the capillaries remain patent on the compressed side to allow cell proliferation and avoid the formation of hyalinized zone On the other hand bone formation will occur at the tension side due to the increased periodontal ligament width and the proliferating fibroblast and osteoprogenitor cells. Osteoblast will be formed from the proliferated osteoprogenitor and will deposite osteoid and result in bone formation.( systematic review) Several theories have been proposed to explain orthodontics tooth movement. The main theories are : Biomechanical theory The biomechanical theory is mainly based on experiments and cellular response observation explaining the biological events during orthodontic tooth movement. The earliest evidence supporting the role of Prostaglandin in orthodontic tooth movement was provided by Hang (Hang et al 1976). He noticed that mechanical distortion of the cell membrane in a culture dish will increase the synthesis of Prostaglandin. Later Harrel supported these finding in his in vitro. Harrel showed that mechanical distortion will generate Prostaglandin and cyclin adenosine monophosphate (c AMP).HARREL 1977 Other researchers ( rodan et al 1975, davidaritch and shanfield 1975) have found that mechanical distortion will cause changes in the intracellular nucleotides changes. The biomechanical theory was based on these finding and proposed that mechanical strain of the cell membrane will activate the cell signaling cascade. Initially phospholipase A2 will be activated which will initiate the metabolism of arachidonic acid. The leukotrienes and the Prostaglandins will be synthesized in response to the metabolism of Arachidonic acid. The synthesis of Prostaglandin will increase three time after five minutes. The Prostaglandin then activates the G proteins receptors on the cell membrane which will initiate a second messenger signaling cascade causing a cellular response leading to bone remodeling. Yamasaki provided further evidence to support this theory by designing a three phase split mouth study to investigate the effect of administrating Prostaglandin on orthodontic tooth movement. One side was injected with Prostaglandin and the contra lateral served as the control. Phase one involved the movement of the upper first premolar buccaly. The rate of tooth movement was doubled on the injected side when compared to the control side. Phase two involved retraction of the canine into the upper first premolar space using sectional contraction loops. The findings were similar to phase one. The third phase involved the retraction of the canine with the routine mechanics. The rate of movement was 1.6 faster on the injected side than the control side. No adverse effects were recorded in the gingiva or the alveolar bone. Yamasaki et al 1984 piezoelectric theory This theory proposes that the pressure applied to the tooth will be transferred to the adjacent alveolar bone which will respond by bending and causing small electrical current produced by electrons being transferred from deformed crystal structure to another. The electrical current will activate the osteoclast and osteoblast and result in bone remodeling required for tooth movement (mcdonald 1993) This theory was supported by Baumrinds split mouth study on rats. Baumrind showed that the tooth crown will displace ten times more than the reduction of the periodontal ligaments on the pressure side. The difference in the amount of displacement between the crown and periodontal ligament has lead to the assumption that the alveolar bone deflects more readily than the periodontal ligament. Considering the amount of crown deflection and the periodontal ligament changes, it can be concluded that lower forces can be used to produce bone deflection which will create changes in the periodontal ligaments.(baumrind 1969) Several studies on animals and human investigating an endogenous electric signals, bioelectric potential, showed that the application of low voltage direct current will modify the bioelectric potential and cellular activity causing faster tooth movement when compared to a control group.(giovanelli s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.ref 9 p324) Davidovich showed that by applying electrical current ( 15  µ amps) combined with force of 80 g will enhance bone resoprtion near the anode and bone deposition near the cathode when compared to the control.( Davidovich et al 1980) Heller and Nanda demonstrated that periodontal ligaments are less likely to undergo tensile strain or transfer the force directly to the alveolar bone.( Heller and Nanda 1979) Piezoelectric signals characterize by a fast decay rate even if the force is maintained as the crystals will remain stable. If the force was removed the crystal will return to the original shape and an equivalent signal and opposite in direction will be created. The role of stress generated signals during normal mastication is well documented in the literature in maintaining the alveolar bone. On the other hand, the constant orthodontic forces will create a brief signal which will not create a prominent stress generated signals. These signals have little if anything to do with tooth movment.Profit text book Pressure tension hypothesis Classic hypothesis proposed by Oppenheim, Sandstedt and Schwarz based on histological research. This theory proposes that tooth movement will occur in the periodontal ligaments and the collagen fibers will create a pressure and tension sides transferring the applied forces to the adjacent alveolar bone. The forces should be less than the capillary blood pressure to maintain the blood flow and avoid bone necrosis. On the pressure side, the periodontal ligament will display disorganization and the cell replication will decrease in response to the vascular constriction. On the tension side the periodontal ligament will be stretched and increase the cell replication. Baurmrind 1969 report showed statistically significant increase in cell replication during tooth movement and there was a reduction in collagen formation rate on the tension and pressure side. Heller and Nanda (1979) interfered with the collagen function and metabolism by administrating lathyritic agent beta aminoproprionitrile and showed that normal tooth movement will occur in periodontal ligaments with disrupted collagen fibers. Their findings demonstrated that periodontal ligaments are less likely to undergo tensile strain or transfer the force directly to the alveolar bone. Bone bending Orthodontic tooth movement phases Once the orthodontic force is applies to the tooth the bone remodeling process will begin. During the first six to eight days there will be an initial period of rapid movement due to the periodontal ligaments compression and tooth displacement within the periodontal ligament. The blood supply will be reduced or cut off producing hyalinized zone; a vascular cell free zone. In the second phase; the lag phase; tooth movement will be minimal or will stop completely due to the hyalinized zone. On the histological level Retain ( 1957, 1960) have reported that the a vascular cell free zone will be formed even with minimal force and the a vascular cell free zone will occur more with short roots. The lag in tooth movement varies between four to twenty days according to the applied force; with light forces the lag phase will be relatively short and it will increase with heavier forces. The periodontal ligaments will reorganize to remove the hyalinized zone by phagocytosis; foreign body gaint cells, macrophages, fibroblast and pre-osteoclasts will be recruited from the neighboring undamaged alveolar bone marrow cavities and the periodontal ligaments. Once the avascular cell free zone is removed tooth movement will commence again; the last phase. Tooth movement usually begins forty days after the initial force application. Recent study by Von Bohl demonstrated that the hyalinized zone will be formed during the last phase and it is more frequent with high forces and have no effect on orthodontic tooth movement at this stage as the bone remodeling process will continue at a certain rate independently from the force magnitude. Von Bohl concluded that the formation of a vascular cell free zone is apart of the orthodontic tooth movement process. His report supported the pervious finding of Owman moll et al 1996 and Vas leeuwen 1999 Orthodontic force magnitude Orthodontic forces can delivered through the use of fixed appliances, removable appliances , TAD, extra orally such as head gear à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦etc.to achieve the desired tooth movement different force magnitude will be required. The recommended forces are: bodily movement tipping intrusion extrusion

A Picture Is Worth a Thousand Words Essays -- Photography Photographs

A Picture Is Worth a Thousand Words If I were to take a room filled entirely with people and ask them to write about something that holds value to them, what would it be? To some, the word â€Å"value† means something that holds only a monetary value, something that can be bought and sold. The values that I am referring to are the values that an individual cannot place a price tag on. They are of special significance that hold a dear meaning to us deep down in our hearts. They are the things that are ever reminding us of the people that we are, and the people that we want to be. When I think of the word â€Å"value† I often think of love and family. I think about the importance of the gift of life, and just how very special it truly is. I also think of the times we share together, and how very precious they truly are. They are not material items that can be bought or sold; rather, they are foundations of who I am. Sometimes the non-material values we possess often run into the material things that we own. One of my most valued possessions would be my special photographs. They do not possess a monetary value, but rather, a great significance of memory to whoever possesses them. Photographs are like a moment frozen in time, individuals literally get to treasure that moment forever. Many times, cameras are the most important assets to people. Births, birthdays, baptism, first day of school, confirmation, vacation, graduation, weddings; they are just a few of the special events that people usually come all ready, equipped with a camera at hand. The reason? We all want to remember. We often rely on those pictures to remember those events completely and to be able to share them with other people. Growing up ... ...of the values that I hold close to me, but also, the values Ryan held close to himself. Ryan was not selfish, nor was he rude or conceded. He cared about everyone and everything. Ryan had so many friends, and he would have done anything for any one of them. He held family close, and lived each day as if it were his last. He was full of life, and he loved everything about living it. These pictures bring back all of those memories to me. They will never let me forget. They will never let me forget that huge, beautiful smile of his and that love of life, family and friends. These are now some of the greatest assets that I possess as a young woman. These are not values that anyone could ever place a price tag on, nor could anyone ever take them away from me, rather they are values that I will chose to live according to, and share with others along the way.

Do Manners Matter Essay

Experts say us Americans are turning into a bunch of savages. Should we care? Would you like it if you you were trying to watch a movie, but are constantly irritated by the sound of ringing cell phones and chatter in the background? Impolite behavior is threatening our way of life and is detrimental to our future and happiness. Showing your consideration for others might result in good manners being reflected from others to you. It would not hurt to show others proper edict, would it? Apparently, having bad manners are threatening our way of civilized life, so experts say. I believe them, being rude and barbaric is going to take our advanced state and regress it back to when we were once cavemen. We are slowly losing respect for everyone, and treating everything as if it were causal. Right now we could just forget to say thank you, and move on with our lives, but later, maybe at a funeral, we could forget who died, and just act as if it were a normal day. It could be that we are just accepting everything as a normal part of our lives, and that there is no need to make a big deal about one thing and be over-kind about it. Though, we must not act this way, because then things will get too casual. People in your family dying could become something you could care less about. We need to keep certain things proper, and not casual. ​Though many people, especially teens, might not notice, scientists believe that people with manner tend to be more successful in life. They get better grades, better social life, and seem more impressive when applying for a job. Some might say that having manners might will make you a dork, and keep girls from liking you, but really in the end, manners benefit you. People might think that having manners might make you a loser, but in most cases; the girl will go for the gentleman, and the interviewer will go for the polite person. Of course, simple rudeness could not result in death or destruction, but it can come close. Not showing consideration for others can lead to sadness which might result in depression. When you fail to have proper manners, those around you can feel let down and unappreciated. Just by saying please and thank you, it is guaranteed you will put a smile on people’s faces and brighten up their spirits. According to the Golden Rule, if you are kind to others, others will be kind to you. The good manners will be reflected back to you and you will be living a happier life. Also, the success achieved by the good manners can have a positive affect on your future and lead to a life full of a smaller amount of hardships and struggles. The key to happiness is simple: manners!

Japans International Relations

Japans International Relations Free Online Research Papers In this essay I will verify that Japan’s geographical location has influenced its international relations in a number of ways. I intend to show this by using information gathered from websites, books and articles. Japan’s land formation is extremely complex. This means that, due to its hilly land masses, covered in mountainous regions, volcanoes and earthquake prone tectonic plates it is a very difficult place to a.) build a house and b.) cultivate rice. As the Japanese public are amongst the largest consumers of rice in the world these difficulties with cultivation could cause problems for Japan’s economy. To protect it’s domestic rice sales, the Japanese government imposed an import tax of 450% on foreign rice. In order to justify this tax to their people the Japanese government lied about the quality of the imported rice. Japanese rice is unique, as a genus it is different from Thai jasmine and basmati. In times before genetic engineering, short grain rice was only indigenous to Italy and Japan. Despite the import tax on foreign rice, Japan is the worlds largest food importer, importing foods in large part from China, U.S.A, Russia, Thailand and Korea. Although at one time Japan was a self-sustaining country regarding food the subsequent change is largely due to a decrease in agricultural production. Major goods exported from Japan are high tech products such as automobiles, computers and other electronic items. An average of 74% of Japan’s exports are electronic goods. Whilst these types of exports are lucrative for Japan’s economy, they are damaging the environment. As Japan is host mainly to the chemical and heavy machinery manufacturing industries pollution levels are rising rapidly. This air pollution causes acid rain, the acidification of lakes and reservoirs is degrading water quality and threatening aquatic life. This requires Japan to import a greater amount of seafood from its neighbours. These combined factors ensure that Japan maintains positive international relations due to its heavy reliance on the world community for imports and exports. Since the end of the war Japan’s international relations with the U.S.A has improved dramatically and is particularly strong at the moment. Although this is good for Japan’s trade, it causes Japan to be viewed as American ‘lackeys’ and co-conspirators by other Asian nations. Concerns have arisen recently regarding the imbalance in trade between Japan and America. This imbalance has become so prominent there is a threat that it may weaken the worlds economy. It is a possibility that this trade imbalance could lead to the resentment of Japan by other leading industrial nations. This is a major concern for Japan as this may lead to restrictive trade measures being imposed. Allowing U.S military bases onto Japanese soil has also been looked upon unfavourably by its neighbours North Korea and Russia both of whom have turbulent relations with Japan. Although Japan’s relations with North Korea are improving this has not been helped by North Korea’s refusal over recent years to return a large number of Japanese citizens who were kidnapped in 1978. These citizens were kidnapped by North Korea in order to teach Japanese to North Koreans. They were given Korean names, forced to live in Korean society and forbidden to tell anyone even their children their true nationality. This has outraged the Japanese population. The Japanese government suspect there have been dozens of abductions, but North Korea have only admitted to thirteen kidnappings. So far five Japanese citizens have been returned to Japan. This issue has been continuing for a number of years and places a strain on the international relations between these countries. A key issue in Japan’s international relations being influenced by geography is the Kurile island conflict. This is a dispute between Russia and Japan over the sovereignty of four islands which are currently owned by Russia. The dispute is as to whether these islands currently under Russian rule were acquired by the treaty of Portsmouth or were owned by Japan prior to the treaty’s enforcement. The Russian government made an offer to Japan of returning two islands Shikotan and Habomai in 1956, however due to government changes in Japan at this time demands were hardened and requests for Kunashiri and Etorofu were made. This situation is very difficult as the issue is currently unresolved. In conclusion it is clear that environmental and geographical issues have had a strong impact on Japans international relations. I have looked at how land formation has influenced imports and exports which then effects pollution levels ( factories producing chemical and electronic goods). I have discussed the imbalance of trade between Japan and the U.S.A, and how Japans global position has caused the current conflicts with Russia and North Korea. This confirms some of the issues on how Japan’s international relations are influenced by it’s geography. Bibliography Allinson .G. D. (1997) Japan’s postwar history UCL press Curtis .G.L (1993) Japan’s foreign policy after the cold war: coping with change. M.E Sharpe Reischauer .E.O. Jansen .M.B.(1995) The Japanese today: change and continuity. the belknap press of Harvard University press. International internship programs (2001) Japan at a glance. Kondansha International Ltd. buzzle.com/editorials/10-15-2002-28266.asp japan-101.com/history/kurile_island_conflict.htm Research Papers on Japan’s International RelationsDefinition of Export QuotasAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2PETSTEL analysis of IndiaTwilight of the UAWPersonal Experience with Teen Pregnancy19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraGenetic Engineering